فصلنامه علوم روانشناختی
پیاپی 105 (آذر 1400)

Given the importance of maternal psychological well-being, it is necessary to effectively examine appropriate interventions designed for this transitional period of women’s life. Applications of positive psychology interventions have recently been explored and appear to be effective in this period, yet this is the first time we are presenting mindfulness-based character strength training in perinatal period.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Strengths Practice (MBSP) on the factors of well-being by the end of pregnancy and after childbirth.

The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, and follow-up and control group design. The research population included the pregnant women in Tehran at the 6th and 7th months of pregnancy available on the Instagram and telegram pages of 5 gynecologists. For this purpose 60 pregnant women were selected via internet based on the voluntary sampling procedure and then randomly assigned to experimental and control group (30 women in each group). The study instruments were the “comprehensive Inventory of Thriving” (Su, Tay, DienerT 2014), the “Values In Action” (Peterson & Seligman, 2004) and the “Mindfulness-Based Strength Practice in pregnancy” (Niemec, 2014 & Bardak, 2010). Experimental group participated in 8 training sessions of 2 hours. The control group received the ordinary guidelines for pregnancy. By the end of the training sessions, both groups participated in posttest and the follow-up test occurred one month after the childbirth. Data was analyzed by multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results showed significant improvement in all subscales in the experimental group (p<0.01), and this improvement was still significant in the follow-up test (p<0.01).

The Mindfulness-Based Strengths Practice can be an efficient training in the transitional period of pregnancy and after childbirth.

Numerous studies have examined academic Enthusiasm. But research on developing a structural model for predicting mathematical enthusiasm based on Math self-schemas and Math Affective Memories mediated by task value and Ability/expectancy Beliefs has been neglected.

The present research aimed to study Structural Relationship between Math affective memories and Math self-schemas with Math Enthusiasm by Mediating Role of Ability/expectancy beliefs and Task.

This study was a correlational study using structural equation modeling in which500 female students in 11th grade studying mathematics and science courses were selected from Tehran through multi- stages clustering method. All subjects completed affective memory, task cost, math enthusiasm questionnaires and Data were analyzed using structural model and path analysis tests.

According to results, negative memory had negative effects on ability-expectancy beliefs and positive memory had positive effects on (P>0/01). Negative memory had effects on math task value directly (P>0/01) as well as indirectly (P>0/01) with mediating role of ability-expectancy beliefs. Positive memory had effects on task value with mediation role of ability-expectancy beliefs directly and indirectly (P>0/01). Ability -expectancy beliefs had effect on task value directly (P>0/05). Positive and negative memories had effects on math enthusiasm directly and indirectly (P>0/01). The direct relationship between Math self-schemas, Math task value and Math ability-expectancy beliefs with math enthusiasm was not significant (P>0/05).

negative or positive memory had significant effect on math enthusiasm Also, Math self-schemas and Math Affective Because of ability-expectancy beliefs Affect of Math task value. Applied inspirations of findings were discussed.

Mothers of children with cerebral palsy are prone to social, economic, emotional and family pressures due to the presence of a child with cerebral palsy, which leads to a decrease in marital satisfaction and their perception of efficiency. Research has shown that acceptance and commitment therapy is a supportive approach that emphasizes the relationship and acceptance of individual and family values and uses awareness and acceptance along with commitment and behavior change strategies to increase psychological resilience that increases satisfaction. Couples and their self-efficacy, but there is a research gap in performing this intervention on mothers with children with cerebral palsy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy based on increasing marital satisfaction and self-efficacy of mothers with children with cerebral palsy.

The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the present study included all mothers with children with cerebral palsy who referred to educational and rehabilitation centers for the physically disabled in Kermanshah in 1399. The sample consisted of 23 volunteer mothers who were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups based on acceptance and commitment (n= 10) and a control group (n= 13). The experimental group received 12 sessions of 90-minute acceptance and commitment therapy according to Hayes (2008) approach once a week and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using Mixed analysis of variance.

The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that acceptance and commitment-based therapy is effective in increasing marital satisfaction and self-efficiency of mothers with children with cerebral palsy. (P≤0/001).

Based on the findings of this study, marital satisfaction and self-efficacy of mothers with children with cerebral palsy can be improved by using therapy based on acceptance and commitment.

For many women, divorce means coping with extreme stress and emotional instability. To meet the challenges after divorce, divorced women need to be more resilient using different strategies. Almost all studies conducted in Iran with the subject of life after divorce have dealt with the process of adaptation and adaptation has been less considered as the gateway to adaptation.

The aim of this study was to discover effective strategies in the process of adaptation during post-divorce adjustment in divorced women.

This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and contextual theory method in 2020 and 2021 in Tehran. The population or field studied in this study included all divorced women in Tehran in 2020 who have passed at least 3 years of legal divorce (who have the opportunity and experience to face the challenges of life after divorce and the possibility of entering the process of adaptation after divorce. The study sample was saturated by selecting 12 divorced women using snowball sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The interviews were analyzed using the systematic method of Corbin and Strauss.

Analysis of participants' experiences leads to the identification of 7 main categories of building a new identity, interacting with divorce, managing post-divorce challenges, engaging in social activities (environmental influences), buffer (protective factors), spiritual-religious confrontations and Coping with factors out of control.

The results showed that divorced women 's use of internal and external factors can help to adapt to life after divorce and put them on the path of adjustment. Understanding knowledge based on divorced women's experience of post-divorce consequences and how to adapt to it, as presented in the present study, can help divorced women, counselors and therapists involved in this area to make gender-based decisions and interventions

Several studies have examined the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. But research that examines the effectiveness of this treatment in combination with Theraplay on the symptoms and function of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder has been neglected.

The present study investigates the effectiveness of combination therapy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Theraplay on the symptoms and Function of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with 3-month follow-up and control group. The statistical population of the study included all children with obsessive-compulsive disorder aged 8 to 12 years in Esfahan in 2019, along with their mothers at the time of the study, of which 20 children with their parents, after an authentic psychiatrist or psychologist diagnosed them with obsessive-compulsive disorder and they obtained at least a score of 14 on the Children's Yale-Brown OC Scale, were selected based on Purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the combination therapy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Theraplay for 10 sessions of individual counseling, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Instruments used in the study included Children's Yale-Brown OC Scale(CY-BOCS), Child Obsessive Compulsive Impact Scale – Revised(COIS-R / P) and Marschak Interaction Method Behavior Rating System.

To analyze the findings, inferential statistics methods of analysis of repeated measures were used. The findings of this study confirmed the effect of combination therapy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Theraplay on reducing the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, improvement overall performance and the improvement of academic, social, family and daily livng skills performance(P<0/05).

The combination therapy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Theraplay is effective to reduce symptoms and improve Function in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder

The theory of self-determination encompasses a wide range of individual and social abilities in individuals. However, there is a research gap in examining the effectiveness of this type of program on psychological well-being and resilience of mothers of children with Down syndrome.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of self-determination skills training on psychological well-being and resilience of mothers of children with Down syndrome.

The present study is a quasi-experimental study that in which 35 mothers were selected from the population of mothers with children with Down syndrome in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province using the available sampling method. The self-determination skills training intervention (Field and Hoffman, 1994) was performed in 10 sessions of 60 minutes for the experimental group. The research tools included a psychological well-being and repentance questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSS-22 software.

The results showed that self-determination skills training had a significant effect on increasing psychological well-being (p = 0.001) and increasing resilience (p = 0.031) of mothers of children with Down syndrome.

The present study showed that self-determination training affects psychological well-being and resilience. Accordingly, by providing the context of self-determination training in caregivers of children with Down syndrome, they can be promoted to enhance mental health in the process of child care.

Many studies have been conducted on marital satisfaction and intimacy of couples, but research on the effectiveness of systemic-constructivist couple therapy on intimacy and marital satisfaction, especially in Older women-younger men couples, has been neglected.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Systemic-Constructivist Couple Therapy (SCCT) on Marital Satisfaction and Intimacy in Older women-younger men marriages.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test design, and follow-up with an experimental group and a control group. The population of this study consisted of all couples in older women-younger men marriages in Shiraz in 2019. Using the convenience sampling method, 30 couples were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. In the pre-test stage, the short form of Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (olson, 1998) and the couple intimacy (oulia, 2006) were given to both groups and then the systemic-constructivist couple therapy approach in 9 sessions per week Two hours, were performed for the experimental group. In order to analyze the data, repeated measures analysis of variance was used.

The results of data analysis showed that systemic-constructive couple therapy on marital satisfaction and dimensions of emotional, intellectual, psychological, socio-recreational, communication, and general intimacy, had a significant effect (P> 0.05), while these interventions did not have a significant effect on physical, spiritual, and sexual intimacy.

From the obtained results, it can be concluded that systemic-constructivist couple therapy can be used to improve marital satisfaction and intimacy of couples.

Various studies have shown the effect of Adler's cognitive-social program on parents or children and adolescents in order to reduce adolescent anxiety and improve parent-child interactions.  But many of these Adlerian cognitive-social therapies have applied only limited aspects of the theory. In addition, these therapies have been performed only on children and adolescents or only on parents, and research conducted simultaneously by both parent and child.  There is no embrace for him.

The aim of this study was the effectiveness of Adler cognitive-social education on the interaction of mothers and adolescents with social anxiety disorder.

This study was a quasi-experimental applied research with a pretest-posttest design with a control group.  The statistical population of this study included adolescents 13 to 15 years old with social anxiety disorder and their mothers who had a file in Avae Ghasedak Clinic in District 5 of Tehran in 1398. By available sampling method, 32 mothers and adolescents were identified and  Randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (16 experimental and 16 control).  The instrument used in this study was the Parent-Child Relationship Scale (Mother Form) which was completed by adolescents before, after, and one month after.  Adolescents and mothers in the experimental group participated in 12 sessions (eight sessions with adolescents and one sessions with mothers and three sessions adolescents and mothers) in the completed Adler program. Data were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance.  

The results showed that mother-child interactions (positive emotion, annoyance, replication, communication) in the experimental group after the intervention compared with the control group significantly increased (p <0.01).

Considering the effectiveness of Adler's social cognitive program on adolescents with social anxiety as well as improving the mother-child relationship, more extensive research is needed with more examples on the family and children and adolescents.

It is for several decades that superstition has been analyzed among sport analysts. Superstition helps the athlete to come along with the stress related to competitive conditions. Sport superstition is introduced as illogical beliefs or a way of thinking that influences the results of events. Considering this point and comparing the results of a scientific research will result in finding the most accurate information. We may indicate the importance of using valid instruments to measure data.

This study was conducted to evaluate the validity of the spectator sports superstition questionnaire.

The present study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method of work is correlational (factor analysis with principal component analysis). The statistical population of the study was the fans of the Iranian Football, Basketball and Volleyball Premier League teams in the 2019-20season. According to the sample size based on questionnaire items (26 cells), 390 people were selected. In order to collect data, a standard questionnaire was used which was translated into Persian and analyzed for validity in the target population. For the validity of the questionnaire, the construct validity, convergent and divergent of Fornell and Larker were used and its reliability was obtained through Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.775. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (confirmatory factor analysis) were used to analyze the data using SPSS and Amos software.

Based on the results of factor analysis, the components of industrial superstition, superstitious beliefs, superstitious behaviors and the source of control were approved as four dimensions of sports superstition. Analysis of the data showed that the factor load of all questions is higher than the base value and the research model has a significant fit, which indicates the desirability of the sports superstition questionnaire.

The Sports Superstitions Questionnaire is a reliable and valid scale that can be used to assess the level of superstitions in sports and increase the insight and understanding of fans and individuals towards it.

Many studies have examined the effectiveness of problem solving on social problem solving among different samples, but no study that has examined interpersonal problem solving on social problem solving of women prisoners has not been conducted in Iran.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of interpersonal problem solving on the social problem of women prisoners.

The research design was a pretest-post test design with a control group. The statistical population of this study includes all young female offenders imprisoned in Kermanshah central prison that they were serving their sentences in 2019. In this study 30 young women were imprisoned by the available sampling meted were selected and randomly divided into two experimental (15n) and control (15n) groups. Then 10 two-hour sessions were held every week for two interpersonal problem -solving workshops for the experimental group. After completing the post -test training problem it was implemented in both experimental and control groups. To gather information from the social problem solving questionnaires of Desorila et al (2004). Then the research data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance.

Results According to the participants, in two stages of pre-test-post-test showed that compared to the control group in the experimental group, between pre-test-post-test scores in all subscales of social problem solving including positive orientation, negative orientation, logical style and impulsivity style / carelessness and avoidance style was a difference.

Therefore, interpersonal problem-solving training can be used as a corrective and preventive intervention program to increase the social problem-solving of young women prisoners

Due to the importance of motor skills in the development and learning of children, many studies have investigated the effectiveness of process-oriented motor interventions in this field, but have these interventions been effective?

The aim of this study was to meta-analyze the effectiveness of process-oriented motor interventions on children's motor skills.

In this study, meta-analysis was used as a tool to determine, collect, combine and summarize research findings related to process-based interventions on motor skills.The statistical population included all researches conducted in the field of process- oriented interventions in the period of 1387 to 1398 for Persian articles and 2011 to 2020 for Latin articles. For this purpose, 31 studies (19 Persian articles and 12 Latin articles) that were methodologically approved as a statistical sample were selected and Meta-analysis was performed on them. The research tool was a meta-analysis checklist.

The results showed that the magnitude of the effect of process-oriented interventions on children's motor skills was 0.42, which according to Cohen's Interpretation table means the effect size (p<0/1).

Therefore, it can be said that based on the results of this meta-analysis; Process- oriented motor interventions can be effective in improving children's motor skills.

Social competence refers to an individual's ability to do things related to his or her personal independence and social responsibilities, leading to normal social growth and the establishment of positive and constructive relationships. Emotional-social skills training plays an important role in feeling more socially competent and efficient in the day-to-day responsibilities and life challenges of single-parent girls. Research has shown that social problem-solving training increases social competence in adolescence and adulthood.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Social-Emotional skills training and social problem-solving training on social competence of single-parent female students in the second year of Sarab high school.

The present study is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistics of the present study include all female high school students who were studying in the academic year 2019-2020. The research sample of 45 students was selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The sample individuals completed the social competency questionnaire of Felner, Lease & Phillips (1990) first as a pre-test stage and after 12 sessions of Social-Emotional skills training (Sadri Damirchi et al, 2009) and 10 sessions problem-solving training (Montazer et al, 2020) of 90-minute as a group for a group. Experiments were re-evaluated in the post-test phase of all three groups. Data analysis was performed by univariate analysis of covariance using SPSS-24 software.

The results of this study showed that social-emotional skills training and social problem solving increased the social competence of effective single-parent female students (p <0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of social-emotional skills training and social problem solving in the social competency variable (P <0.05).

Teaching adolescents’ socio-emotional skills and social problem-solving skills leads to the formation of social interactions between him and the outside world, the management of emotions, and thus the increase and improvement of a person's social competence. For this purpose, it is necessary for specialists and family psychologists to provide training in this field to students and their parents.

Numerous studies have examined the relationship between sexual variety, activated cognitive schemas and sensation seeking among men. However, research on the development of a structural model for predicting sexual variety based on sensation seeking by mediating cognitive schemas activated among married men has been neglected.

The present study aimed to investigate the structural equation model for predicting sexual variety based on sensation seeking by mediating cognitive schemas activated among married men in Shiraz.

The research method was descriptive-correlational based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of all married men referring to counseling centers in Shiraz. Of this number, 240 men were selected by using availability sampling method. For collecting data, sexual variety Questionnaire (Glass & Wright, 1992), Sensation seeking scale (Arnett, 1994), and Cognitive Schema Activation in Sexual Context Questionnaire (Nobre & Pinto-Gouveia, 2009) were used.The fitness of the proposed model was estimated through structural equation modeling.

The results of the research showed that the research model has a good fit. The results of Pearson 's correlation coefficient test showed that there is a significant relationship between sensation seeking variables, cognitive activated schemas and sexual variety (P<0. 001). The results of path analysis showed that sensation seeking has a direct and indirect effect on cognitive schemas activated in sexual context and sexual variety (P <0.001). The results of regression analysis showed that activated schemas in sexual context have significant effects on sexual variety in married men (P<0.001).

Therefore, it can be concluded that sensation seeking has a direct and indirect significant effect on sexual variety in married men. Activated schemas had a mediating role between sensation seeking components and sexual variety.

Learning to live together with moral values is one of the major topics in education today. Much research has been done on peace education, but the combination of peace education and good education on academic empowerment, including interpersonal relationships and students' academic motivation, has been neglected.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of peace and integration training on improving interpersonal relationships and academic motivation of female high school students in Tehran.

The research was conducted by quasi-experimental method with pre-test-post-test design with experimental and evidence group and one-month follow-up. Its statistical population was female high school students in District 19, Tehran (5901 people) in the academic year of 2019-2020. Sample: 40 students were purposefully selected, and randomly divided into 2 groups of 20 people. The research instrument was Diperna and Elliott (1999) Competency Assessment Scale. For the experimental group, an integrated training program for integrated peace and well-being training, including 8 90-minute sessions over 8 consecutive weeks, was implemented. Finally, both post-test and one month later, follow-up test was taken. The collected data were inferentially analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test with Spss-22 software.

The combined education of peace and good choice had a positive effect on interpersonal relationships and students' academic motivation (P <0.01). This effect was also significant in the follow-up phase.

Integrated peace and good education can be used as an effective way to improve interpersonal relationships and students' academic motivation.